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ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and surgical experience of hermo-expandable metallic prostate stent in the treatment of elderly high-risk BPH patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on 38 patients with BPH who underwent implantation of hermo-expandable metallic prostate stent from January 2017 to October 2018 in the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command. The patients were 72 to 89 years old, with preoperative international prostatic symptom score (IPSS) of 25.6±4.1 points, maximum flow rate of urine (MRF) of (4.8±1.2) mL/s, and residual urine volume (RUV) (160.7±70.5) mL. Urinary catheters were placed in 7 patients for 4-8 days due to acute urinary retention.ResultsExcept for the failure in one case, all 37 patients were successfully implanted with the prostate stent at one time, and they urinated immediately after the operation without serious operation-related complications. Follow-up was conducted for 3 months, and the IPSS and RUV of the 37 patients were (15.6±4.3) and (40.7±12.9) mL respectively, which were significantly lower than those before the operation (P<0.05). MRF was (11.1±4.3) mL/s, significantly higher than that before surgery (P<0.05). 22 cases in this group were followed up for 2 years, and their IPSS, MRF and RUV were all stable.ConclusionThe thermo-expandable metallic prostate stent for the treatment of dysuria caused by BPH is effective, reliable and less traumatic. It is a preferred choice for the treatment of the aged BPH patients who are at a high risk and not suitable for surgery.
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Objective@#To investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effect of Memokath transurethral spiral thermo-expandable prostatic stent (STEPS) implantation in the treatment of BPH.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2018, 26 BPH patients underwent Memokath transurethral STEPS implantation, 9 under the flexible cystoscope and the other 17 under the rigid cystoscope. The patients were aged 62－91 years old, with a prostate volume of 32－78 ml, postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) of (67.3 ± 11.2) ml, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of (6.3 ± 1.8) ml/s, and IPSS score of 26.7 ± 5.7. Eight of the patients had preoperative urinary retention, of whom, 6 received catheterization and 2 had undergone cystostomy for bladder fistula before STEPS implantation.@*RESULTS@#The operations lasted 15－30 minutes and were successfully completed in 24 cases while stent-shedding occurred in the other 2. Twenty-two of the patients achieved spontaneous urination immediately after surgery and 2 experienced bladder clot embolism. At 3 month after surgery, 24 of the patients showed significant improvement in PVR (［21.4 ± 7.7］ ml), Qmax (［18.3 ± 4.7］ ml/s) and IPSS (8.3 ± 2.1), and 13 exhibited no statistically significant difference from the baseline in the IIEF-5 score (14.1 ± 1.1 vs 14.3 ± 1.0, P > 0.05). At 12 months, all the patients were found with markedly improved urination but no adverse events except recurrent urinary tract infection in 2 cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Memokath STEPS implantation, with its advantages of simple operation, high safety, definite effectiveness, non-influence on sexual function, is a new effective surgical option for the treatment of BPH.
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Objective There are few clinical cases of mucinous tubluar and spindle cell carcin oma (MTSCC).The article aimed to explore its clinical features and prognosis in order to raise awareness of the disease . Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 12 patients with renal MTSCC from June 2009 to June 2017.All the patients were treated with unilater-al radical nephrectomy or enucleation .After discharge, the patients were regularly reviewed or followed up by telephone . Results Of the 12 patients with renal MTSCC, 8 were female, 4 were male, 10 were atypical and 1 was atypical (oligominal tubule), all of them were treated with surgery, one of them lost contact, and the remaining 11 patients had good prognosis. Conclusion Renal MTSCC is a rare form of renal cancer, which is more common in females.The imaging data show that there is no blood supply for renal tumors . Renal MTSCC has a good prognosis , with no recurrence or metastasis, and surgical resection is still the preferred treatment .All the 12 patients with renal MTSCC are in early pathological stage with good prognosis , indicating that renal MTSCC may be a low -grade malig-nancy with good prognosis .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine (5-aza-2dc) and docetaxel (DT), alone or in combination, on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycles of the human prostate cancer cell line PC3, and to investigate the possible mechanisms of these two drugs acting on prostate cancer in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four groups were designed in this experiment: control, 5-aza-2dc, DT, and 5-aza-2dc + DT. The inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2dc and/or DT on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PC3 cells was detected by MTT, wound healing assay and cell migration assay, respectively. The apoptosis of the PC3 cells and its relationship with cell cycles were determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>5-aza-2dc and/or DT significantly increased the inhibition rate of the PC3 cells, decreased their migration distance and reduced the number of the cells that invaded the lower chamber, most significantly in the 5-aza-2dc + DT group (P < 0.05). The cell apoptosis rates of the control, 5-aza-2dc, DT and 5-aza-2dc + DT groups were (10.65 +/- 0.39)%, (16.60 +/- 0.67)%, (17.95 +/- 1.08)% and (22.98 +/- 1.18)%, respectively, with the most significant increase in the combination group (P < 0.05). Combined medication of 5-aza-2dc and DT remarkably reduced the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase, and increased that in the G2/M phase (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>5-aza-2dc and DT, either alone or in combination, can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PC3 cells in vitro, as well as induce their apoptosis and arrest their cell cycles in the G2/M phase, with even more significant effect when used in combination than applied alone.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Apoptosis , Cell Cycle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Deoxycytidine , Pharmacology , Drug Synergism , Taxoids , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in males, and its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Epigenesis is involved in prostate cancer at all stages of the process, and closely related with its growth and metastasis. DNA methylation and histone modification are the most important manifestations of epigenetics in prostate cancer. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis of DNA methylation include whole-genome hypomethylation, aberrant local hypermethylation of promoters and genomic instability. DNA methylation is closely related to the process of prostate cancer, as in DNA damage repair, hormone response, tumor cell invasion/metastasis, cell cycle regulation, and so on. Histone modification causes corresponding changes in chromosome structure and the level of gene transcription, and it may affect the cycle, differentiation and apoptosis of cells, resulting in prostate cancer. Some therapies have been developed targeting the epigenetic changes in prostate cancer, including DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylase inhibitors, and have achieved certain desirable results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , DNA Methylation , DNA Repair , Epigenesis, Genetic , Epigenomics , Histones , Genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of VEGF in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), their clinical significance and their relationship with that of ET-1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 44 specimens of PCa and 36 of BPH tissues were examined by the immunohistochemical Elivision plus method for the expressions of VEGF and ET-1. The intensity of staining for VEGF and ET-1 was assessed by light microscopy on a scale from "-" to "+ + +".</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rates of positive expression of VEGF were 69.4% in BPH and 80.9% in PCa, positive staining mostly in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelia and cancer cells, and strongly positive in all the stroma vascular endothelial cells. The staining intensity of VEGF was significantly higher in the PCa than in the BPH group (P < 0.05) , in the bone metastasis (BM) than in the non-BM group (P < 0.01), and in the lowly than in the highly and moderately differentiated PCa tissues (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGF was positively correlated with that of ET-1 ( r(s) = 0.780, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF is involved in the development, progression and metastasis of PCa. VEGF and ET-1 may play a joint role in its development and progression.</p>